Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/75.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 10.2 KB | 373 lines

@node Geography (Ethiopia)
@section Geography (Ethiopia)

@display

Location:
  Eastern Africa, between Somalia and Sudan
Map references:
  Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:  total area:
  1,127,127 km2
 land area:
  1,119,683 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
  total 5,311 km, Djibouti 337 km, Erithea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626
  km, Sudan 1,606 km
Coastline:
  none - landlocked
Maritime claims:
  none - landlocked
International disputes:
  southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative
  Line; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis;
  territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden
Climate:
  tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation; some areas prone
  to extended droughts
Terrain:
  high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
Natural resources:
  small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash
Land use:
 arable land:
  12%
 permanent crops:
  1%
 meadows and pastures:
  41%
 forest and woodland:
  24%
 other:
  22%
Irrigated land:
  1,620 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic
  eruptions; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification;
  frequent droughts; famine
Note:
  landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure
  independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993



@end display

@node People (Ethiopia)
@section People (Ethiopia)

@display

Population:
  53,278,446 (July 1993 est.)
 note:
  Ethiopian demographic data, except population and population growth rate,
  include Eritrea
Population growth rate:
  3.41% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  45.37 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  14.23 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  2.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  108.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  52.21 years
 male:
  50.6 years
 female:
  53.88 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  6.88 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Ethiopian(s)
 adjective:
  Ethiopian
Ethnic divisions:
  Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar
  4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Religions:
  Muslim 45-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35-40%, animist 12%, other 5%
Languages:
  Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali, Arabic, English
  (major foreign language taught in schools)
Literacy:
  age 10 and over can read and write (1983)
 total population:
  62%
 male:
  NA%
 female:
  NA%
Labor force:
  18 million
 by occupation:
  agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry
  and construction 8% (1985)



@end display

@node Government (Ethiopia)
@section Government (Ethiopia)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  none
 conventional short form:
  Ethiopia
 local long form:
  none
 local short form:   Ityop'iya
Digraph:
  ET
Type:
  transitional government
 note:
  on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)
  toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took
  control in Addis Ababa; the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE),
  announced a two-year transitional period
Capital:
  Addis Ababa
Administrative divisions:
  14 administrative regions (astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader
  akababi) Addis Ababa, Afar, Amhara, Benishangul, Gambela,
  Gurage-Hadiya-Kambata, Harer, Kefa, Omo, Oromo, Sidamo, Somali, Tigray,
  Wolayta
Independence:
  oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at
  least 2,000 years
Constitution:
  to be redrafted by 1993
Legal system:
  NA
National holiday:
  National Day, 28 May (1991) (defeat of Mengistu regime)
Political parties and leaders:
  NA
Other political or pressure groups:
  Oromo Liberation Front (OLF); Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP);
  numerous small, ethnic-based groups have formed since Mengistu's
  resignation, including several Islamic militant groups
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held 10 September 1987; next election planned after new constitution
  drafted; results - MENGISTU Haile-Mariam elected by the now defunct National
  Assembly, but resigned and left Ethiopia on 21 May 1991
 Constituent Assembly:
  now planned for January 1994 (to ratify constitution to be drafted by end of
  1993)
Executive branch:
  president, prime minister, Council of Ministers
Legislative branch:
  unicameral Constituent Assembly
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court
Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President MELES Zenawi (since 1 June 1991)



@end display

@node Government (Ethiopia 2. usage)
@section Government (Ethiopia 2. usage)

@display

 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister TAMIRAT Layne (since 6 June 1991)
Member of:
  ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
  IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU,
  UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos
 chancery:
  2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
 telephone:
  [phone] or 2282
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Marc A. BAAS
 embassy:
  Entoto Street, Addis Ababa
 mailing address:
  P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa
 telephone:
  [251] (1) 550-666
 FAX:
  [251] (1) 551-166
Flag:
  three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red; Ethiopia is
  the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so
  often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became
  known as the pan-African colors



@end display

@node Economy (Ethiopia)
@section Economy (Ethiopia)

@display

Overview:
  With the independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993, Ethiopia continues to
  face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed
  countries in Africa. (The accompanying analysis and figures predate the
  independence of Eritrea.) Its economy is based on subsistence agriculture,
  which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total
  employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The manufacturing
  sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90%
  of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state run; the
  government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants.
  Favorable agricultural weather largely explains the 4.5% growth in output in
  FY89, whereas drought and deteriorating internal security conditions
  prevented growth in FY90. In 1991 the lack of law and order, particularly in
  the south, interfered with economic development and growth. In 1992, because
  of some easing of civil strife and aid from the outside world, the economy
  substantially improved.
National product:
  GDP - exchange rate conversion - $6.6 billion (FY92 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  6% (FY92 est.)
National product per capita:
  $130 (FY92 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  7.8% (1989)
Unemployment rate:
  NA%
Budget:
  revenues $1.4 billion; expenditures $2.3 billion, including capital
  expenditures of $565 million (FY91)
Exports:
  $276 million (f.o.b., FY90)
 commodities:
  coffee, leather products, gold, petroleum products
 partners:
  EC, Djibouti, Japan, Saudi Arabia, US
Imports:
  $1.0 billion (c.i.f., FY90)
 commodities:
  capital goods, consumer goods, fuel
 partners:
  EC, Eastern Europe, Japan, US
External debt:
  $3.48 billion (1991)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 2.3% (FY89 est.); accounts for 12% of GDP
Electricity:
  330,000 kW capacity; 650 million kWh produced, 10 kWh per capita (1991)
Industries:
  food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement
Agriculture:
  accounts for 47% of GDP and is the most important sector of the economy even
  though frequent droughts and poor cultivation practices keep farm output
  low; famines not uncommon; export crops of coffee and oilseeds grown partly
  on state farms; estimated 50% of agricultural production at subsistence
  level; principal crops and livestock - cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds,
  sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep,
  goats



@end display

@node Economy (Ethiopia 2. usage)
@section Economy (Ethiopia 2. usage)

@display

Illicit drugs:
  transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and
  destined for Europe and North America; cultivates qat (chat) for local use
  and regional export
Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $504 million; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.4 billion; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $8 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.0
  billion
Currency:
  1 birr (Br) = 100 cents
Exchange rates:
  birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.0000 (fixed rate)
Fiscal year:
  8 July - 7 July



@end display

@node Communications (Ethiopia)
@section Communications (Ethiopia)

@display

Railroads:
  781 km total; 781 km 1.000-meter gauge; 307 km 0.950-meter gauge linking
  Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) to Djibouti; control of railroad is shared between
  Djibouti and Ethiopia
Highways:
  39,150 km total; 2,776 km paved, 7,504 km gravel, 2,054 km improved earth,
  26,816 km unimproved earth (1993 est.)
Ports:
  none; landlocked
Merchant marine:
  none; landlocked
Airports:
 total:
  121
 usable:
  82
 with permanent-surface runways:
  9
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  1
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  13
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  83 (1993 est.)
Telecommunications:
  open-wire and radio relay system adequate for government use; open-wire to
  Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; broadcast
  stations - 4 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 100,000 TV sets; 9,000,000 radios; satellite
  earth stations - 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 2 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Ethiopia)
@section Defense Forces (Ethiopia)

@display

Branches:
  Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 12,793,340; fit for military service 6,640,616; reach
  military age (18) annually 576,329 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP



@end display